Over ten thousand drug cases are heard in Local Courts around NSW every year, including the Downing Centre court in Sydney – which is the busiest courthouse in the state. In 2014 alone 13,639 people were found guilty of drug possession in NSW, which makes it the third-most common criminal offence, ranking behind drink driving/DUI and common assault, according to the Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research.

Last year, the tragic death of teenager Georgina Bartter showed that taking pills that are produced by strangers – often with deadly “fillers” – is not only against the law, but can be fatal.

Ms Bartter died in hospital from a cardiac arrest after consuming one and a half of pills sold as ecstacy at a music festival.

Recently, the man who sold these fatal pills faced the music in the Downing Centre District Court.

19-year-old university student Matthew Forti didn’t sell the drugs directly to Bartter, but to her friend, Rebecca Hannibal, who was sentenced in the Downing Centre courthouse year in June. Hannibal received a criminal record and a good behaviour bond for 12 months.

However, Forti would not be so lucky when it came to avoiding prison time. Before the Judge handed down her sentence, the court heard that even after Ms Bartter’s death, Forti had continued to sell drugs.

Texts to Ms Hannibal suggested that he felt bad after the tragedy, but this was not enough to prevent him from continuing to sell drugs to friends and acquaintances on several occasions.

Mr Forti said that his involvement with drugs began when his parents’ marriage broke down in 2014, and the Judge accepted that Forti was “essentially a positive young man who went astray for a while.”

Her Honour noted that Forti was not legally responsible for Bartter’s death – which was the same comment made by Chief Magistrate Henson when he sentenced Hannibal in the local court back in June.

Mr Forti’s criminal lawyer argued that his client had excellent prospects of rehabilitation, which is something that judges take into account during the sentencing process. The lawyer argued for a good behaviour bond, community service or an “intensive correction order” instead of full time imprisonment.

But District Court Judge Deborah Sweeney came to the conclusion that prison was the only appropriate penalty for Mr Forti, saying that “despite his positive character and demonstration of remorse he is to serve some time in custody.”

But like other defendants who enter an early plea of guilty, Forti received a 25% discount on his sentence. He was given a maximum of 22 months imprisonment, and will have to serve 12 months behind bars before being eligible for parole.

The maximum penalty that Forti could have received for each of the supply charges was 15 years imprisonment and/or a $220,000 fine.

Forti is reported to have appeared “stunned” by the sentence, while his mother and girlfriend cried. He was allowed to hug them before being taken away by corrective service officers.

I’ve been charged with a drug offence: what should I do?

With 7 levels of courtrooms, the Downing Centre courthouse in Sydney hears all kinds of drug cases each year.

If you are facing drug charges, you are certainly not alone. The first step is to contact law firms that have a proven track record of achieving outstanding outcomes in drug cases. Many firms offer a first free conference if you have an upcoming court date, so you can find out your options, the best way forward and the likely result before deciding whether to hand them your hard-earned money.

Take the time to have a look through the recent cases and client testimonials on their websites, and it is a good idea to see several law firms before deciding which one is right for you.

As most of us are aware, fully licensed drivers in NSW must have a Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) below 0.05 to legally drive.

This is the same across Australia, as well as in many other countries – but this wasn’t always the case. Decades ago, the limit was 0.08, and this is still the legal limit in some countries including England, Wales and several US states.

In NSW, driving with a reading of 0.08 constitutes the offence of ‘mid range drink driving’.

On the other hand, some countries take drink driving so seriously that they have imposed a zero limit – including the Czech Republic, Hungary, Indonesia and Japan.

The Effect of Alcohol on Driving Ability

Drinkwise Australia says that having a BAC of 0.05 means you are twice as likely to crash than if you have no alcohol in your system.

The level of alcohol causes drivers to have a slower reaction time, shorter concentration span and impaired sensitivity to red lights. It also reduces the ability to judge distances.

The organisation states that by the time your BAC reaches 0.08, you are five times more likely to have a crash than with a zero BAC.

But despite the general trend towards lowering the legal BAC for driving, not all agree that a lower maximum BAC is a good thing.

Drink Driving to Cure Depression!

In 2013, one Irish council backed a motion to allow drink driving in their rural community in order to combat depression and suicide.

The council proposed to allowed special permits to allow driving after ‘two or three drinks’, because this would allow people in isolated communities to get out more and ward off depression and suicidal thoughts.

Interestingly, three of the councillors in favour of the change are also believed to own pubs.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, the idea didn’t spread to the rest of country, with one Labor party councillor refusing to be associated with the suggestion, and Ireland’s Road Safety Authority labelling the idea “off the wall.”

Dealing with Low-Range Drink Driving Out of Court

Going to court can be a stressful experience for anyone. But in NSW, drink driving, even a low-range charge, means you must go to court and will have a criminal record if you are convicted by the Magistrate. The only way around a criminal conviction is for you (or your lawyer) to successfully argue for a ‘section 10 dismissal or conditional release order’; which means that you are guilty but no conviction is recorded against your name.

But should low-range drink driving be dealt with in court, or should police have the option of dealing with it by way of a fine, just like for speeding, or running a red light?

In Western Australia, police have the discretion to give you an infringement notice instead of sending you to court. For a first offence between 0.05 and 0.06, WA police can give you a $400 fine and you will end up losing 3 demerit points, but you will not automatically get a criminal record and lose your licence.

If your BAC is between 0.06 and 0.07, you can be given a $400 fine and lose four points. The same fine applies for between 0.07 and 0.08, but you will lose 5 demerit points.

But police can still choose to send you to court for low-range drink driving in that state, where a criminal conviction, a fine of up to $500 and licence disqualification can be imposed.

With thousands of low range drink driving cases clogging up NSW courts every year, some believe that only lawyers really benefit from drivers having to face court rather than receiving an infringement notice from police.

What are your thoughts?

A question that defendants often ask their lawyer is: will I have to testify in court?

The simple answer is no, you never have to go on the witness stand if you have been charged with a criminal offence and are going to court.

The exception to this rule is where you are going to certain tribunals – such as at the Crime Commission or Independent Commission Against Corruption – where you may be under an obligation to answer questions.

But if you are a defendant in court, you have a right to silence and cannot be forced to testify on the witness stand.

Right to Silence in Court

Witnesses who are subpoenaed to attend court are under an obligation to answer questions. However, the right to silence means that defendants cannot be forced onto the witness stand.

But this ‘right to silence’ has been undermined to an extent by section 20 of the NSW Evidence Act, which says that a judge “may comment on a failure of the defendant to give evidence” as long as that “comment” does not suggest that the defendant is guilty.

So while you do not have to testify, the question of whether you should take the witness stand is an entirely different matter – and one which should be carefully considered by your lawyer.

The Pros of Testifying

The prosecution’s case will always go first. For that reason, the final decision about whether the defendant should testify is often left until after the prosecution case has finished. If, after all of the prosecution witnesses have given evidence, the prosecution case is weak, then it may be against a defendant’s interests to risk taking the witness stand and being exposed to questioning by the prosecution (called ‘cross-examination’).

On the other hand, if the prosecution case is relatively strong and the defendant’s evidence will rebut that case, then it may be in the defendant’s interests to take the stand.

A defendant who is credible and convincing can be the turning point in a case. It could be the thing that makes a favourable impression upon the jury and convinces them to acquit.

While the prosecution must prove the accused’s guilt beyond reasonable doubt, a defendant who comes across as honest and sincere can help establish the necessary doubt to get them over the line. And testifying is often the only way to introduce evidence of an alternative explanation of the events when there is no other way to get that material before the jury.

The Cons of Testifying

While putting the defendant on the stand could win a trial, it also comes with considerable risks – even for an innocent person.

A defendant who comes across as implausible due to nerves, anxiety, presentation or personality type, can have a disastrous effect on their case.

Some might think that an innocent person has nothing to worry about, but the courtroom is a daunting place that can cause extreme anxiety – imagine facing a courtroom full of people – including lawyers, the judge, jury, court staff, complainant, families and the public – and having to accurately answer questions when you are facing the prospect of many years in prison..

Anxiety can cause all sorts of problems –from hesitating before answering questions, to giving inconsistent answers, to making mistake or failing to recall times and dates – all of which can undermine a person’s credibility.

For that reason, the question of whether a defendant will take the witness stand is one of the most important call that a defendant (in consultation with their lawyer) can make.

Case study:

I was recently instructing in a case where our client and a co-accused both pleaded guilty and were both put on the stand during sentencing. Our client gave evidence of his remorse and regret for his actions, as well as the positive steps that he had taken since committing the offence in order to turn his life around.

While our client came across as genuine, remorseful and credible (and got a significant penalty reduction), the co-accused gave exactly the opposite impression.

The look on the judge’s face during the questioning said it all – he was clearly not impressed. I did not get to see the sentence that the judge ultimately imposed on him, but my guess is that the co-accused’s testimony only harmed, not helped, him.

Under pressure, it is very difficult to predict how a person will act, and despite all of the preparation in the lead up to court, a lawyer will never know for certain how their client will perform on the witness stand in a busy courtroom. Because of this, many lawyers will often advise their client not to give evidence, unless there is a compelling reason for them to do so.

Courthouses are places where you might expect people to be on their best behaviour. At the same time, the courtroom can be a tense and stressful place for all involved, including their families.

While court is not the best place to let your anger take over, not everyone succeeds in keeping their cool when emotions run high.

Father Attacks Child’s Abuser

Just last week, the Downing Centre District Court was at the centre of unanticipated drama when a defendant was attacked while sitting in the dock.

The 64-year-old defendant, who cannot be named, was convicted of sexually assaulting a five-year-old girl. He faced four charges of “aggravated sexual assault of a child under 10” and was convicted of two of them, before being sentenced to imprisonment

Section 66A of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) sets down a maximum penalty of life imprisonment for the sexual assault of a child under the age of 10 years. Although the defendant did not receive a life sentence, he will not be eligible for release from prison until 2023.

The Presiding Judge had just finished handing down his sentence, when the little girl’s father leapt over a banister and a bench before arriving at the dock area and punching the defendant several times in the face. He had to be dragged away by five people.

The defendant cowered in the dock, repeating the words: “I am innocent.” To add to the drama, the defendant’s wife called the girl’s mother a “liar and a bitch”. The mother returned fire, lunging at the wife and allegedly punching her in the face.

The Judge is reported to have sat there emotionless, not uttering a word. He is said to have waited for the defendant to be escorted away, before leaving the courtroom himself.

It remains to be seen whether the parents will face charges as a result of their actions.

Fights at Courthouses

This couple are by no means the only ones to attract attention for physical fights inside the Downing Centre.

In fact, level four of the courthouse was the scene of another dramatic fight last year between police and a family of three men who, ironically, were themselves on trial for brawling with police.

A riot squad was called in to break up the fight, which one witness described as a “football match.”

And earlier this year in Melbourne, a fight between two families caused an entire floor of Melbourne’s busiest courthouse to close. The families knew each other well, having a history of altercations. Court officers subdued the fighting men using capsicum spray, which unfortunately also affected innocent bystanders, including several young children.

One of the brawling men is a kick-boxer who calls himself “the punisher”.  Four men were later arrested and questioned over the fight.

What Does the Law Say About Fighting in Court?

You probably won’t be surprised that brawling in court is against the law. Possible charges include “common assault” (where no injuries, or only trivial ones, are caused) “assault occasioning actual bodily harm” (where injuries are caused), “affray” (which involves the use or threat of unlawful violence) and “contempt of court”.

Contempt of court can involve any act which has the tendency to interfere with, or undermine, the authority, performance or dignity of those who participate in court proceedings.

Contempt of court can potentially include refusing to leave court when directed to do so, refusing to answer questions on the witness stand, showing serious disrespect to the court, and a wide range of other conduct. Engaging in physical violence during court proceedings could certainly form the basis of contempt charges.

So there you have it – real courtroom dramas and the potential consequences.

Driving accidents can range from a scratch in a busy car park to a tragic accident causing death. But if you’ve been involved in an accident somewhere in between, you might be wondering what to do.

Do you need to wait until police arrive? Can you be charged with an offence and be required to attend court?  This blog takes you through what to do if you’ve been involved in a car crash.

Do I need to wait for police to arrive?

Whether or not you are free to leave after exchanging details with the other driver depends on the seriousness of the collision.

Police only need to attend the scene if:

1. Someone is killed or injured;

2. The other driver drove off and didn’t give you their details; or

3. If it appears that one of the drivers was under the influence of drugs or alcohol at the time of the accident

However, there is an obligation to report crashes which result in one or more vehicles needing to be towed from the scene, although this can be done over the phone at a later time. Minor accidents do not need to be reported at all.

If police do get involved, they may choose to take further action. This may mean dealing with the matter by way of an infringement notice, or giving you a Court Attendance Notice, which means that you will have to go to court. You may also face arrest, depending on the seriousness of the offence.

Negligent Driving

‘Negligent driving not occasioning death or GBH’ is one of the most common charges that drivers involved in a collision will face.
A person is negligent if they “drove a motor vehicle in a manner involving a departure from the standard of care for other users of the road to be expected of the ordinary prudent driver in the circumstances”; DPP (NSW) v Yeo and Anor [2008] NSWSC 953. 

Whether or not you have to go to court for negligent driving largely depends on how serious the crash was.

If no one was injured, it will most likely by dealt with by a simple fine of $425, even if a vehicle was towed from the scene. This may be issued on the spot, or it may come later in the mail. If you pay the fine, you will lose 3 demerit points and that will be the end of the matter.

However, it is possible for police to send you to court for negligent driving instead. In that case, the maximum penalty will be a $1,100 fine, which will come with a criminal record. There is no ‘automatic’ period of disqualification from driving, although the magistrate has power to disqualify you for 12 months.

If a person suffered grievous bodily harm as a result of the accident, the maximum penalty will be nine months imprisonment and/or a fine $2,200 and/or.  If it is a second or more major traffic offence within five years, the maximum penalty will jump to 12 months imprisonment and/or a fine of $3,300.

These are the absolute maximum penalties that the court may impose. In reality, many people found guilty of ‘negligent driving resulting in grievous bodily harm’ will receive a fine and a lengthy period of disqualification. The automatic period of disqualification is 3 years, although this may be lowered down to 12 months at the discretion of the magistrate.

More serious still is the charge of negligent driving causing death. Under section 117 of the Road Transport Act 2013 (NSW), the maximum penalty is 18 months imprisonment and/ or a fine of $3,300. If it is a second or more major traffic offence, the maximum penalty rises to 2 years imprisonment and/or a fine of $5,500.

Dangerous driving

You may face a dangerous driving charge if police believe that you were:

1. Under the influence of drugs or alcohol;

2. Driving at a speed dangerous to another person; or

3. Driving in a matter dangerous to another person or persons

Dangerous driving is more serious than negligent driving, and can result in more severe penalties in court. There are several different dangerous driving offences, including:

1. Dangerous driving occasioning death (max penalty = 10 years imprisonment);

2. Aggravated dangerous driving occasioning death (max penalty = 14 years imprisonment);

3. Dangerous driving occasioning grievous bodily harm (max penalty = 7 years imprisonment); and

4. Aggravated dangerous driving occasioning grievous bodily harm (max penalty = 11 years imprisonment).

The penalties for dangerous driving can be harsh, but again these are the maximum penalties only. The particular penalty you might receive will depend on the facts specific to your case.

If you have been involved in a car crash and are facing charges or are unsure if you will need to go to court, the best course of action is to speak to an experienced traffic lawyer who will be able to advise you about the best way forward.

A good lawyer may be able to have your charges ‘dropped’ where the evidence against you is weak, or get the charges thrown out of court if police go ahead with the charges anyway.

If the evidence against you is very strong, a specialist lawyer will be able to ensure that you are in the best position for your ‘sentencing hearing’ in court, and seek to persuade the court to give you the most lenient penalty possible.

In some cases, they may even be able to convince the court to give you a ‘section 10 dismissal or conditional release order’ – which means that no criminal conviction is recorded against your name even though you are guilty.

What would you do if you were involved in a car crash?

We all know that you should stop to make sure that no one is hurt, and exchange details with the other driver. But chances are that if you’re involved in a major crash, you will be feeling shaken, shocked and perhaps not thinking straight.

Some people even do the unforgivable by panicking and driving off – and one Sydney taxi-driver is facing the Downing Centre Local Court after he hit an elderly lady and then left the scene. 

Taxi Driver Charged After Hit and Run

It is alleged that Dr Mark Farhad, a taxi driver and lecturer at the University of Western Sydney, was driving through Crows Nest in Sydney at about 11am on Tuesday, 18 August 2015, when he hit an elderly woman who was trying to cross the road. He allegedly then made the fateful decision to leave the scene. Tragically, the woman died as a result of her injuries.

The taxi company easily narrowed down possible drivers as Dr Farhad was just one of 15 taxi drivers in the area at the time of the collision. They contacted Dr Farhad later that afternoon, who they say reported feeling “confused and traumatised”.

Dr Farhad was arrested at the taxi depot later that evening. He was granted bail in Central Local Court and is due to face a Magistrate in the Local Court at the Downing Centre in mid-October.

In order to secure his release from custody, he had to pay a $10,000 security and surrender his passport.

Dr Farhad has been charged with dangerous driving causing death, negligent driving causing death as well as failing to stop and assist after vehicle impact causing death.

In the meantime, he must report daily to his local police station and is not allowed to drive paying customers in his taxi, although he is allowed to drive himself and his family around.

What Does the Law Say About Hit and Runs?

Section 52AB of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) makes it an offence to leave the scene of a serious accident.

A person is guilty if they were:

1. Driving a vehicle that was involved in a crash involving the death of another person;

2. They did this knowing (or when they ought to have known) that their vehicle was involved in an impact causing death or grievous bodily harm to another person; and

3. They failed to stop and give necessary assistance.

It is an offence if the crash caused grievous bodily harm rather than death, but the maximum penalty is lower.

What are the Penaties?

The maximum penalty for failing to stop and give assistance if the crash involved the death of another is 10 years imprisonment. If the victim suffered grievous bodily harm instead of death, the maximum penalty is seven years imprisonment.

Although the maximum penalty is prison, courts can impose a number of sentences and less than half of all people who are guilty under section 52AB of the Act go to prison.

Courts can impose a wide range of alternative penalties, including a suspended prison sentence, community service order, good behaviour bond or fine.

Leaving the scene of a traffic accident is never a good idea, and can lead to serious consequences. If you need legal advice about a traffic case, an experienced lawyer will be able to inform you about the most appropriate path and the likely outcome.

Uber has been controversial ever since its launch in Australia: with many passengers loving the service and its overall cheaper fares, but taxi drivers resenting a source of competition that is not subject to the same rules and regulations as them.

The NSW government and RMS have consistently said that the ride-sharing service is against the law – and vigilante Russell Howarth famously took it upon himself to conduct citizen’s arrests of UberX drivers.

Howarth regularly took Uber drivers to bewildered police and demanded that they issue infringement notices, but police refused.

To the relief of both Uber drivers and police, Uber won an injunction to stop Howarth from taking the law into his own hands.

But that was not the end of the fight for Uber. The controversy over the company’s legality came before Downing Centre Local Court, where many hoped that the issue would be put to rest once and for all.

The RMS prosecuted Uber under the Passenger Transport Act, but the Magistrate found that the RMS did not have the authority to prosecute under that Act, forcing the RMS to withdraw the 24 charges laid against UberX drivers.

But that may not be the end of the matter, with Transport for NSW announcing that “random roadside tests” will be conducted to crack down on UberX drivers.

What does the Passenger Transport Act say?

Section 3 of the Passenger Transport Act defines a “public passenger service” to include the “carriage of passengers for a fare or other consideration” either by a motor vehicle or vessel.

Section 7 of the Act makes it an offence for a person to carry a public passenger service without being accredited. The maximum penalty is a fine of $110,000.

The RMS has previously warned Uber drivers that they could face prosecution for operating a public passenger service without accreditation; with an RMS spokesperson saying that although Uber may not be breaking the law, the individual drivers are committing an offence because they do not have the required accreditation.

Ubers’s position is that the company has acted within the law at all times; and the current state of the law appears to support that view.

Is it time to legislate for UberX?

There are over 4000 Uber drivers in Sydney alone, with an ever-growing passenger base.

As the company doesn’t look like it’s going away anytime soon, the best option might be to legislate to clarify the situation for everyone.

In June, NSW Opposition Leader Luke Foley announced that he would introduce a private member’s bill into parliament to regulate Uber and rectify the uncertainty. As of yet, no such Bill has been introduced to Parliament.

Opposition Transport Spokesman Ryan Park has said that: 

“The Baird government’s policy on ride-sharing is a shambles: its current case against Uber drivers has fallen apart, and yet it’s still left the door open to prosecution… The government needs to regulate the industry to make it safe and fair, or risk staying stuck in the slow lane and getting left behind by the hundreds of thousands of Sydneysiders already using the service.”

NSW Transport Minister Andrew Constance recently announced a review of taxis and ride-sharing services, but made it clear that he does not endorse the UberX ride-sharing model. 

It remains to be seen whether laws will be passed to clarify the situation, and how those laws will affect the public’s access to transportation.

We published an article some time ago about whether police officers should be allowed to take guns into court; a debate which has gone on since September 2014.

This debate has now been resolved in favour of the powerful NSW Police Association.

What is the current law?

Section 8 of the Court Security Act 2005 makes it an offence to carry restricted items into courthouses, including firearms.

The NSW Chief Magistrate Graeme Henson directed that this rules applies to police as well as others, although police officers could request special permission to have guns with them in specific cases.

But as of next Monday 10 August, police will be allowed to bring their guns with them into the courtroom.

This comes after months of discussion between the NSW Sheriff, NSW Police Commissioner, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Chief Judge of the District Court and Chief Magistrate of the Local Court.

Accordingly, Police Minister Tony Grant issued a protocol on August 4 bringing the changes into effect.

Mr Grant stated that: “this is a commonsense approach at a time our nation faces a high terror alert and when we’ve seen police overseas become terror targets themselves.”

The protocol will be assessed after six months, or as needed, to determine its effectiveness.

The Sheriff

The Office of the Sheriff of New South Wales is responsible for the security of NSW courts, as well as administering the jury service system, swearing in witnesses and looking after exhibits.

If you’ve been to court, you may have seen Sheriffs both at the entrance of the courthouse and inside the courtrooms.

Sheriff uniforms look similar to those of other law enforcement officers. Perhaps their most important responsibility is to keep courts safe and secure.

Currently, those wishing to enter courthouses will normally need to go through a security scanning procedure.

The process requires the public, and even lawyers, to empty everything from their pockets and place their belongings in a tray to be scanned.

They are then required to walk through a metal-detector machine, and may additionally be scanned with a hand-held detector after going through that machine. They may further be given a ‘pat down’. The process is similar to going through security checks at the airport.

If anyone is found to be carrying weapons or other prohibited items, those items will be seized by the Sheriffs and police may then be called.

There are several hundred specifically trained Sheriffs who ensure the safety of those inside NSW courts, and they have been highly successful at maintaining court security for many years – including during times of ‘high alert’.

Do police need to have guns inside courtrooms?

With security procedures already in place and working well, many wonder whether police need to have guns inside courtrooms – or whether it is just another power grab by the police force.

Lawyers were overwhelmingly against the change; concerned that the presence of guns in the hands of police will move power within the courtroom away from the judiciary and Sheriffs (where it should rest) and further towards police officers – who have already enjoyed a raft of laws bolstering their powers in recent times.

And after all, which criminal defence lawyer would feel entirely comfortable putting unscrupulous police officers – whose conduct is already in question – through intense and lengthy cross-examination when they have a gun attached to their hip within easy access?

But as has repeatedy occurred in recent times, police and their powerful association have won the battle without any real justification.

So bravo to our decision-makers for allowing these minimally trained individuals to have guns – in addition to their batons, tasers, capsicum spray and handcuffs – with them while being questioned on the witness stand (often about their own illegal conduct), in an environment where those around them have been security checked, where the magistrate or judge is supposed to carry the authority, and where Sheriffs have admirably maintained security for many years.

Bravo.

While Margaret Cunneen ultimately emerged victorious over ICAC in the High Court, the investigatory body has many more targets in its sights.

The latest subject of corruption charges is the former Mayor of Ryde, Liberal MP Ivan Petch.

Mr Petch was a councillor for 37 years but resigned in 2014, after a series of bitter disputes with fellow councillors and an ICAC investigation.

On 29 July, he was served with a court attendance notice and is set to join the thousands of people every year who appear the Downing Centre Courthouse in the Sydney CBD.

Petch will face the Downing Centre Local Court on 3 September, when the matter is first listed in court.

Porn on council laptops

Petch was in a heated debate with other councillors over the new Ryde Civic Precinct redevelopment proposal. 

He did not want the project to go ahead – and allegedly turned to underhanded methods of trying to get his way.

Petch allegedly threatened then-General Manager John Neish that his job would be unsafe after the 2012 election unless he took steps to delay the development, but Neish refused.

Petch then allegedly leaked information about Neish looking up pornography on a council-supplied laptop while at home – which was discovered by an IT worker who was trying to fix a virus that had attacked the computer.

During the ICAC inquiry, recorded phone conversations were played of Petch threatening to destroy Neish.

Threatening other councillors

Petch’s threats did not just stop at Neish. It is also alleged that he threatened the acting replacement of Neish, Ms Danielle Dickson, after Neish quit.

It is further alleged that Petch threatened to withdraw support from Dickson if she did not decide in favour of Petch and other councillors in a costs dispute.

Petch is one of four men who will be facing court in September following the ICAC inquiry.

What are the charges?

Petch has been charged under section 87 of the Independent Commission Against Corruption Act 1988 (NSW) with 6 counts of giving false and misleading evidence during a 2013 ICAC investigation.

A person is guilty of this offence if they “knowingly provides false or misleading evidence during an ICAC investigation”. The maximum penalty is five years imprisonment and/or a $22,000 fine.

He is also charged with blackmail under section 249K of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), which comes with a maximum penalty of ten years imprisonment. Blackmail is defined as making any unwarranted demand with menaces, with the intention of obtaining a gain or of causing a loss, or influencing the exercise of a public duty.

Petch is facing an additional charge of misconduct in public office, which is a ‘common law’ offence and has no maximum penalty.

ICAC is also considering whether there is enough evidence to recommend further charges involving breaches of electoral funding law.

Petch questions ICAC’s authority

Petch maintains that the motivation behind his investigation has more to do with revenge and politics than substance.

He believes that fellow councillors targeted him for opposing the Ryde civic precinct plan, stating “in relation to the accusations levelled at me, I’ll happily be answering those in court – a real court.” 

Petch appears unfazed by the proceedings, stating: “ICAC’s feeble and desperate efforts to destroy one of the state’s top prosecutors, Margaret Cunneen, clearly demonstrated its willingness to be used as a vehicle for payback.”

But whether he will emerge victorious like Cunneen is an entirely different matter.

While the Cunneen investigation was concerned with something that happened outside her capacity as a public official, the same cannot be said for Petch.

Imagine you’re waiting at the lights to walk across – the little man is red, but there are no cars around at all, and haven’t been any for what seems like ages.

Would you be tempted to cross anyway? Or perhaps cross from a few metres away from the intersection just to be completely safe?

You may not even realise that this is against the law – until a police officer approaches, informs you that you’ve committed an offence, and writes up a $71 fine!

What does the law say?

The definition of pedestrian includes someone walking on or near a public road, and also a person:

•    In a motorised wheelchair that has a maximum speed of over 10 km per hour;

•    In a non-motorised wheelchair; and

•    In a wheeled recreational device or wheeled toy such as a skateboard, roller blades, scooter, unicycle, or the tricycle, pedal car or other similar toy of a child under the age of 12

While the NSW Road Rules Act 2014 primarily relates to vehicles, there is an entire section of offences specifically applying to pedestrians.

These offences include:

•    Crossing a road at traffic lights or pedestrian crossings during the red pedestrian light is on;

•    Crossing a road within 20 metres of a pedestrian crossing;

•    Entering on foot areas past signs marked ‘no pedestrians’;

•    Not taking the ‘shortest safe route’ when crossing a road, or staying longer on the road than necessary;

•    Walking along the road if there is a footpath or nature strip adjacent to the road, unless it is impractical to do so. This rule does not apply to pedestrians who are travelling in a wheeled recreational device or toy;

•    Travelling on a path designated to bicycles, unless you are simply crossing over the path; and

•    Standing on or moving onto the road to hitchhike, offer to wash windscreens, or display advertisements.

Police can hand out infringement notices carrying fines of $71 for these offences – but if you choose to take the matter to court and are found guilty, the maximum penalty increases to a whopping $2,200.

Do police actually enforce these rules?

When it comes to public safety, relentlessly pursuing people jaywalkers probably not the first thought that comes to mind.

But police will often make a point that certain laws exist by organising ‘blitzes’, some of which can last weeks or even months.

One such blitz focused on jaywalking in the Sydney CBD, resulting in 4,480 people being given tickets for jaywalking between July 2013 and July 2014,.

This year, police have focused on those who cross the road when the pedestrian light is red – even handing-out tickets even when no cars are around.

The enforcement of these laws is said to be for public safety reasons – pedestrians being on the road when they shouldn’t be is cited as a common cause of accidents.

But the breadth and application of the current law has been criticised as unfair, and as a cash-grab with little if any public safety benefit.

Is the current law fair?

There is an argument that the current law is far too broad because it does not consider whether the pedestrian actually caused any danger.

Under the law, a pedestrian can be fined even if there is absolutely no traffic around and there is no conceivable danger to any road user.

Fining people who are not causing any danger may be seen as unfair, and even as making a mockery of the law.

It is suggested that the law could be amended to require some evidence that the pedestrian was actually causing a danger, eg by crossing where there was traffic on the road, rather than simply allowing police to make offenders out of just about everyone in the community.

Indeed, that evidence could be captured on the cameras that are now fitted to many of the officers that are performing the task of catching jaywalkers.

In fact, the officer was wearing a camera on his helmet while issuing a ticket for jaywalking to a pedestrian when there was no traffic on the road at all.

Can I contest a jaywalking ticket?

It can be frustrating to get an infringement notice for jaywalking, particularly if there weren’t any cars in sight and you didn’t even know it was illegal.

You might wish to ask the State Debt Recovery Office for a review.  If that fails, you can elect to dispute the ticket in court.

But it should be borne in mind that going to court may not always be a good option, because it can take a lot of time, be stressful, and you could end up with a much higher fine if you lose.

Interestingly, the back of these tickets warns recipients that “less than 4 per cent of penalties result in the recipient not needing to pay the penalty” and that “less than 1 per cent of penalties result in a not guilty verdict in court.”

Even if you are successful, or escape penalty by way of a section 10 dismissal or conditional release order (which means no penalty), you could be left wondering if it was all worth it.

Unfortunately, infringement notices allow police to easily take action for very trivial offences, while current arrangements make it impractical and financially risky to contest them.

Of course, police know all of this when they issue people with fines for offences that seemingly carry very little public benefit.